Authors
- AI tools (e.g. ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini) cannot be listed as authors: they cannot take responsibility for the work.
- Authors may use AI tools to improve language and readability. Any use beyond that — generating text, analysing data, creating images or code — must be described in the Methods or a declaration, naming the tool and how it was used.
- Authors are fully responsible for the accuracy of all content, including checking every reference. Fabricated or AI-invented references are treated as misconduct.
- AI-generated or AI-altered images are not permitted in research figures unless the tool is itself the subject of the research.
Reviewers and editors
- Manuscripts are confidential. Reviewers and editors must not upload them, or any part of them, to AI tools.
- Reviewers may not use AI to write their reports; the assessment must be their own.