/* HTML full text of articles — used on the article page and in the portal preview. Scoped to .ft */
.ft{--ft-navy:#14284b;--ft-ink:#16202e;--ft-mut:#5a6480;--ft-line:#dde3ea;font-family:var(--sans,Inter,"Segoe UI",Arial,sans-serif);font-size:1.02rem;line-height:1.75;color:var(--ft-ink);overflow-wrap:break-word}
.ft h2{font:700 1.45rem/1.3 var(--serif,Georgia,serif);color:var(--ft-navy);margin:2.1em 0 .55em;padding-top:4px;scroll-margin-top:90px}
.ft h3{font:700 1.08rem/1.35 var(--serif,Georgia,serif);color:#2b3f6c;margin:1.5em 0 .4em;scroll-margin-top:90px}
.ft h4{font:700 1rem var(--serif,Georgia,serif);margin:1.2em 0 .3em}
.ft p{margin:0 0 1em}
.ft a{color:#1a4fa0}
.ft a.cit{text-decoration:none;font-weight:600;border-radius:3px;padding:0 1px}
.ft a.cit:hover,.ft a.cit:focus{background:#e8edf7}
.ft figure{margin:1.8em 0;text-align:center;scroll-margin-top:90px}
.ft figure img{max-width:100%;height:auto;border:1px solid var(--ft-line);border-radius:6px;background:#fff;cursor:zoom-in}
.ft figcaption,.ft .ft-tcap{font:14px/1.55 Inter,"Segoe UI",Arial,sans-serif;color:#3a4256;text-align:left;margin:.6em 0 0}
.ft figcaption strong:first-child,.ft .ft-tcap strong:first-child{color:var(--ft-navy)}
.ft .ft-figact{display:block;font-size:12px;margin-top:3px}
.ft .ft-table{margin:1.8em 0;scroll-margin-top:90px}
.ft .ft-tscroll{overflow-x:auto;margin-top:6px;border:1px solid var(--ft-line);border-radius:8px}
.ft table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font:13.5px/1.45 Inter,"Segoe UI",Arial,sans-serif}
.ft th{background:var(--ft-navy);color:#fff;text-align:left;padding:8px 10px;font-weight:600;vertical-align:bottom}
.ft th p,.ft td p{margin:0}
.ft td{padding:7px 10px;border-top:1px solid var(--ft-line);vertical-align:top}
.ft tbody tr:nth-child(even) td{background:#f7f9fd}
.ft ol.ft-refs{font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.55;padding-left:2.4em;margin:0}
.ft ol.ft-refs li{padding:5px 0 5px 4px;border-bottom:1px solid #f0f2f7}
.ft ol.ft-refs li::marker{font:700 12px Arial,sans-serif;color:var(--ft-navy)}
.ft ol.ft-refs li:target{background:#fff8e1;border-radius:6px}
.ft ol.ft-refs--ad{list-style:none;padding-left:0}
.ft ol.ft-refs--ad li{padding:6px 0 6px 2em;text-indent:-2em}
.ft ul,.ft ol{margin:0 0 1em}
.ft sub,.ft sup{line-height:0}
/* article page: contents list, reference pop-up, figure viewer */
.ft-toc{position:sticky;top:20px;align-self:start;font:13px/1.45 Inter,"Segoe UI",Arial,sans-serif;max-height:calc(100vh - 40px);overflow:auto;padding-right:4px}
.ft-toc h2{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;color:#5a6480;margin:0 0 8px;text-transform:uppercase}
.ft-toc ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}
.ft-toc ul ul{padding-left:12px;border-left:2px solid #e2e6ef;margin:2px 0 6px}
.ft-toc a{display:block;color:#16202e;text-decoration:none;padding:3px 6px;border-radius:5px}
.ft-toc a:hover,.ft-toc a.on{background:#e8edf7;color:#14284b}
.ft-jump{display:none;margin:14px 0 0}
.ft-jump details{background:#f2f5fa;border-radius:8px;padding:8px 12px;font:14px Arial,sans-serif}
.ft-jump summary{cursor:pointer;font-weight:700;color:#14284b}
.ft-jump ul{padding-left:18px;margin:6px 0 0}
.ft-pop{position:absolute;z-index:60;max-width:380px;background:#fff;border:1px solid #cdd4e3;box-shadow:0 8px 28px rgba(20,30,60,.18);border-radius:10px;padding:10px 12px;font:13px/1.5 Arial,sans-serif;display:none}
.ft-lb{position:fixed;inset:0;background:rgba(10,18,40,.88);display:none;align-items:center;justify-content:center;z-index:80;padding:20px;cursor:zoom-out}
.ft-lb img{max-width:96vw;max-height:90vh;background:#fff;border-radius:6px}
.art-hist{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px 10px;align-items:center;font:13px/1.5 Inter,"Segoe UI",Arial,sans-serif;color:#3a4256;border-top:1px solid #dde3ea;border-bottom:1px solid #dde3ea;padding:9px 0;margin-top:14px}
.art-hist b{color:#14284b}.art-hist .dot{color:#b0b7c7}
@media (max-width:1100px){.ft-toc{display:none}.ft-jump{display:block}}
@media print{.ft-toc,.ft-jump,.sidebar,.art-actions,.masthead,.footer,nav,.crumbs,.ft-pop,.ft-lb,.pubbar,.topbar{display:none!important}
  .art-grid{display:block!important}.ft{font-size:11pt}.ft a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.ft figure,.ft .ft-table{break-inside:avoid}}
/* Springer-style end sections (all articles) */
.em{border-top:1px solid #d5dae5;margin-top:30px!important;padding-top:2px}
.em h2{margin-top:20px}
.em h3{font:700 1rem var(--serif,Georgia,serif);color:var(--navy,#14284b);margin:16px 0 4px}
.em p{margin:0 0 .6em}
.em.ft h2{margin-top:20px}
.em-affs{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}.em-affs li{margin:0 0 12px}
.em-aff{margin:0 0 2px!important}.em-aunames{margin:0!important;color:#1a4fa0;font:.92rem Inter,"Segoe UI",Arial,sans-serif}
.em-about{display:flex;gap:22px;align-items:flex-start}
.em-badge{flex:0 0 92px;height:118px;border-radius:8px;background:#14284b;color:#fff;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:center;text-align:center;font-family:Inter,"Segoe UI",Arial,sans-serif}
.em-badge .b1{font-weight:800;font-size:17px;letter-spacing:.06em}.em-badge .b2{font-size:9.5px;color:#e3c46b;margin-top:6px}
.em-about-main{flex:1;min-width:0}.em-about-main h3:first-child{margin-top:0}
.em-dl{font:13px Arial,sans-serif}.em-linkbtn{background:none;border:0;padding:0;color:#1a4fa0;font:inherit;cursor:pointer;text-decoration:underline}
.em-hist{list-style:none;padding:12px 0;margin:12px 0 4px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px 28px;border-top:1px solid #dde3ea;border-bottom:1px solid #dde3ea;font-family:Inter,"Segoe UI",Arial,sans-serif}
.em-hist li{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.em-hist .lbl{font-size:12px;color:#5a6480}.em-hist .val{font-size:14.5px;font-weight:600;color:#16202e}.em-hist .doi .val{font-weight:400;word-break:break-all}
.em-share{font:600 13.5px Arial,sans-serif;border:1px solid #14284b;color:#14284b;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;padding:8px 14px;cursor:pointer}
.em-kw{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:4px 0 0;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px}
.em-kw a{display:inline-block;font:13px Arial,sans-serif;border:1px solid #c9d2e3;border-radius:20px;padding:4px 12px;text-decoration:none;color:#14284b;background:#f6f8fc}
@media (max-width:600px){.em-about{flex-direction:column}.em-badge{height:auto;flex:none;width:100%;flex-direction:row;gap:10px;padding:10px}.em-badge .b2{margin:0}}